Every year on July 25th, Costa Rica commemorates one of its most significant historical events: the Annexation of the Partido de Nicoya, now known as Guanacaste Province, into the Costa Rican territory. This day, celebrated as Guanacaste Day, honors the voluntary decision made in 1824 by the people of Nicoya and Santa Cruz to join Costa Rica, a move that has profoundly shaped the nation’s cultural and historical landscape.

A Historical Milestone

The annexation was formalized through a plebiscite held in Nicoya, where the residents of Nicoya and Santa Cruz voted in favor of joining Costa Rica. Interestingly, Liberia (then known as Guanacaste) declined the annexation. However, on March 18, 1825, Liberia was incorporated into Costa Rica by a law issued by the Congress of the Federal Republic of Central America. This event is celebrated annually as a testament to the unity and shared identity of the Guanacastecos with the rest of Costa Rica.

Festivities Across the Country

While Guanacaste Day is a national holiday, the celebrations are most vibrant in the province of Guanacaste, particularly in cities like Liberia, Nicoya, and Santa Cruz. The day is marked by a rich tapestry of cultural events that showcase the region’s unique traditions and heritage.

Parades and Folk Dances

One of the highlights of the day is the grand parade featuring traditional folk dances such as the “Punto Guanacasteco” and “El Torito.” Participants often dress in colorful costumes, and the streets come alive with the rhythms of marimba music, Costa Rica’s national instrument.

Rodeos and Bullfights

Guanacaste Day also features rodeos and bullfighting events. Unlike traditional bullfights, these events focus on skillful horsemanship and playful interactions with the bulls, providing entertainment without harm to the animals.

Traditional Cuisine and Music

The celebrations are accompanied by the aroma of traditional Costa Rican dishes such as “gallo pinto” (rice and beans), “casados” (a typical meal with rice, beans, salad, and a protein), and “tamales de elote” (corn tamales). Live marimba music fills the air, and local musicians perform folk songs that tell stories of the region’s history and culture.

The Spirit of Guanacaste

The slogan “De la patria por nuestra voluntad,” meaning “Part of the homeland by our own will,” encapsulates the pride and autonomy felt by the people of Guanacaste. This phrase reflects their voluntary decision to join Costa Rica and their deep-rooted sense of identity and belonging.

Experiencing Guanacaste Day

For those visiting Costa Rica, experiencing Guanacaste Day offers a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in the country’s rich cultural heritage. Whether you’re in the bustling streets of Liberia or the serene towns of Nicoya and Santa Cruz, the festivities provide a glimpse into the heart of Costa Rican tradition.